{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-blog-post-tsx","path":"/blog/psychology/eating-disorders","result":{"data":{"en":{"id":"0bf5cdce-5e40-5ab7-a76e-27e6747f976c","title":"Eating disorders","subTitle":{"content":"Eating disorders are illnesses in which the people experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions."},"priority":974,"slug":"eating-disorders","publishedDate":"11.02.2021","mainImage":{"fixed":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/6xT1QuMO6SjB80RH7eribx/2e0c423f2787d0ae9cf4a71cea2019fb/1__6_.jpg?w=514&q=100&fit=fill"},"title":"Eating disorder","description":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"connectedCategory":{"category":"Psychology","slug":"psychology"},"body":{"json":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eating disorders are more than just general problems involving the far-reaching subject of putting food in one’s mouth, chewing and swallowing. For example, a person suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) will typically be dependent on rituals regarding various aspects of eating (or not eating). In such cases, food is not the cause of the problem, but merely a “pawn” in the game being played, a visible component of the problems being manifested.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In this article, we will look at common symptoms of eating disorders. We will also describe the various types of eating disorders. Finally, we will discuss specific ways to combat the ill effects of this disease, whether it has touched you directly or the lives of your loved ones.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"What are Eating Disorders?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eating disorders (EDOs) can be described as specific disorders characterized by unhealthy eating behaviors. A primary determining factor in such disorders involves conceptions regarding one's weight and appearance.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An important point to understand is that any eating disorder is ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"not","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" a lifestyle choice. An eating disorder is a form of mental illness that typically responds to professional help from doctors and psychotherapists.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A person with an eating disorder is usually preoccupied with his or her weight. The person often  uses sports, grueling diets, and an assortment of medications in order to achieve what he or she believes to be an ideal appearance. At the same time, the person typically suffers from a constant fear of gaining unwanted pounds.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The main danger accompanying eating disorders is the eventual emergence of problems in various systems of the body, such as digestive, endocrine, and so forth. In most cases, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse go hand in hand with eating disorders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although such disorders can (and do) affect people of all ages and genders, problems tend to manifest primarily in adolescents and young women. As high as ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29859631/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"thirteen percent","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" of young people experience at least one eating disorder before the age of twenty.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Studies from as recently as 2017 ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(13)00647-1/fulltext"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"found","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" that levels of serotonin and dopamine, both of which serve as neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) transferring information to the brain, play a critical role in the development of eating disorders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Studies also show that certain personality traits ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26095891/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"contribute","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" to the development of these disorders. For example, neuroticism, perfectionism, and impulsivity are three such traits that are statistically linked to a higher risk of developing an eating disorder.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Types of Eating Disorders","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3","contentful_id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3"}},"id":"c4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-11T13:48:10.470Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-11T13:48:10.470Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment","contentful_id":"master"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentful_id":"4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU"},"fields":{"title":{"ru-RU":"РПП","en-US":"Eating disorder"},"description":{"ru-RU":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","en-US":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"file":{"ru-RU":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU/edafcbc869e3386db2ef6582ff9fe28e/2__6_.jpg","details":{"size":147854,"image":{"width":4896,"height":2760}},"fileName":"2 (6).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"},"en-US":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU/06480a0865a560d247f26f547ed6142b/2__6_.jpg","details":{"size":147854,"image":{"width":4896,"height":2760}},"fileName":"2 (6).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The American Psychiatric Association (APA) classifies eating disorders into four general types:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"1. Anorexia nervosa.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"2. Bulimia nervosa.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. Compulsive overeating.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4. Unclassifiable eating disorders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The following is a general description of each.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Anorexia Nervosa","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This is, by far, the most well-known eating disorder. When most people hear the term “eating disorder”, anorexia is what they usually conjure up in their minds. People with this specific eating disorder, to put it bluntly, think they are fat. They often believe they are severely overweight even when their official weight (the number on their scale) says otherwise.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"two types","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" of anorexia:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      the restrictive type,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      the purging type.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"People afflicted with the restrictive type tend to lose weight through such means as dieting, fasting, and exercise.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"People with the purging type overeat then purge after eating. This often involves vomiting, taking laxatives and diuretics, and torturing themselves with extreme and brutal exercise.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Bulimia Nervosa","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Like anorexia, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26754944/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"bulimia","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" tends to develop in adolescence and early adulthood and proves to be far more common in women than men.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Unlike anorexia, however, people suffering from bulimia typically eat large amounts of food in a short period of time. During the time when they are overeating, they find themselves utterly incapable of stopping, or in any way controlling the quantity of food they eat. Each episode of gluttony will usually continue until the person reaches the point of being full to a painful degree.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"After a meal, people with bulimia will often try to cleanse their body. They do this to compensate for the calories ingested as well as to reduce the discomfort they feel in their intestines.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Symptoms of bulimia nervosa can be similar to those of the purging type of anorexia, but people with bulimia do not end up losing weight, and they certainly never succeed at maintaining a relatively normal weight.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Compulsive Overeating","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"People with the affliction of compulsive overeating consume huge amounts of food without ever feeling physically hungry. After they stuff themselves, they often feel shame, guilt, and self-loathing, but they do not ever limit calories or use any of the cleansing methods to mitigate or compensate for their overeating.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Unclassifiable eating disorders","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These disorders manifest themselves in a variety of ways, from ingesting inedible items to extreme difficulty in choosing where to eat.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The main distinguishing feature of unclassifiable eating disorders remains an unhealthy attitude toward food.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Symptoms: How to Recognize an Eating Disorder","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3","contentful_id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3"}},"id":"c14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-11T13:45:50.624Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-11T13:45:50.624Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment","contentful_id":"master"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentful_id":"14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep"},"fields":{"title":{"ru-RU":"РПП","en-US":"Eating disorder"},"description":{"ru-RU":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","en-US":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"file":{"ru-RU":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep/7061de12f3845ae805acbb270f7137ac/3__5_.jpg","details":{"size":6506395,"image":{"width":7952,"height":4473}},"fileName":"3 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"},"en-US":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep/5d8a6f04543008e028424c8a1efaaaf4/3__5_.jpg","details":{"size":6506395,"image":{"width":7952,"height":4473}},"fileName":"3 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eating disorders are not always identifiable by the outward appearance of the person afflicted. Many people with eating disorders may look perfectly healthy to a casual observer. The determining factor is the person's relationship with food, that is, how do they eat and how do they behave relative to the general matter of eating. This personal relationship to food and eating can be (and often is) hidden for a long time from others within the person’s orbit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It can sometimes be difficult to tell if a friend or loved one is developing an eating disorder. That being said, there do exist certain ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711426/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"specific signs","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" to look for in making such a determination.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If the person in question:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      has lost weight drastically or to a noticeable degree,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      lies about the quantity of food he or she eats and/or lies his or her weight,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      often hurries to the bathroom after eating and comes back with a flushed face,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      exercises excessively or obsessively,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      avoids meals whenever other people are involved in the dining experience,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      cuts food into tiny pieces or eats extremely slowly,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"●      wears loose or baggy clothing to hide weight loss or weight gain.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you suspect someone fits the description of having an eating disorder, talk openly and sympathetically with him or her about your health concerns. If he or she acts frightened or threateningly, you may find it wise to visit together a specialist for help.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This is an important point: if you suspect someone (or even you, yourself) is suffering from a form of eating disorder ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"do not","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" self-medicate! Instead, see a doctor. A doctor, with relevant experience, has the best chance of knowing exactly how to restore the person’s health and peace of mind. All forms of eating disorder represent a progressive disease, which has the potential to be fatal over time. Therefore, taking concrete action and supplying meaningful help can literally save the person’s life.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"How to Talk to Others about Eating Disorders","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Approaching others regarding matters such as eating disorders can prove extremely difficult. This may be true even in the case of the person closest to you in your daily life. For that reason, we have assembled a few tips from the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) so you can effectively engage in dialogue about eating disorders in a way that will ultimately be both friendly and beneficial.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Prepare ahead of time","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Knowing all relevant facts will help you discuss with your friend any inaccurate ideas he or she may hold. Such ideas may be fueling unhealthy or destructive behavior.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Rehearse your main talking points","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Do not be hesitant (or embarrassed) to do this. Taking the time beforehand, in the privacy of your own space, to rehearse exactly what you want to say, in detail, will reduce your anxiety and apprehension about approaching your friend. Furthermore, such a rehearsal will serve to clarify for yourself the finer points of the general subject matter.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Allocate a personal time and place for the conversation","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"No one wants his or her personal problems discussed in front of a crowd. Make certain you secure a time and place where you can comfortably discuss these matters with your friend. Pay special heed to his or her own personal tastes and preferences when you select a location.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Be honest","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The old saying, “Honesty is the best policy,” holds true when discussing personal matters such as an eating disorder. Talk to your friend honestly and openly. If appropriate, add your own personal experiences and perspectives. Make sure that whatever you say, it comes from a place within you of integrity.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Use \"self-talk\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You might find it easy to blame your friend. Don’t. You might be tempted to phrase your message as such: \"You're not eating!” or “You exercise too much!” or “You're hiding something!\".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Restrain yourself from speaking in such a tone. Phrases such as these serve only to discourage the person to whom you are speaking. Most importantly, they do not work. They do not produce the positive result you seek. Use a different approach.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In your speech, focus on the behavior you have personally observed and how you feel about what is happening. Speak always from a position of caring and concern. For example: \"I've noticed that you don't eat lunch with us anymore,\" or \"It bothers me that you often lock yourself in the bathroom after eating.\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A “self-talk” manner of speaking will not only allow for a more productive interaction, but also for better and more positive results.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Stick to the facts","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Anytime you voice a concern about someone’s potential eating disorder, you risk stirring up a great deal of emotion. Stick to the facts as you know them and do your best to not let your friend take total control of the conversation. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Get rid of potential stigma","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Remind your friend that there is no shame in admitting to an illness. In that sense, an eating disorder is much like any other affliction. Neither this illness (nor any other) is cause for guilt or shame. Make sure this non-stigma attitude permeates every aspect of your conversation.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Avoid oversimplified solutions","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Do not use simplified phrases such as: \"Just stop\" or \"Just eat.\" Such statements will not help. Instead, they will come off as demeaning and judgmental. Ultimately, they will cause your friend to feel frustrated, defensive, and misunderstood. Catch yourself before you utter any such phase and make sure to avoid anything sounding like a simple solution.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Be prepared for negative reactions","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Some people with an eating disorder react with gratitude that someone noticed their struggles. Others, however, may become angry and hostile, insisting that ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"you","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" are the problem. Such individuals may dismiss your concerns or minimize the potential dangers. All of these reactions are normal. Do not be shocked or put off your game should you hear negative comments aimed back at you. Stick to your message and your facts. Let your friend know you care and leave the conversation open.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Support the idea of seeking help","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-4"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Remember that people with eating disorders need professional help. Suggest to your friend that he or she attend a meeting where they discuss their struggles. Suggest that he or she locate a doctor or therapist. Never lose sight of the fact that timely and effective treatment dramatically increases a person's chances for recovery. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Possible Causes of Eating Disorders","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3","contentful_id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3"}},"id":"c1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-11T13:43:23.274Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-11T13:43:23.274Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment","contentful_id":"master"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentful_id":"1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF"},"fields":{"title":{"ru-RU":"РПП","en-US":"Eating disorder"},"description":{"ru-RU":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","en-US":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"file":{"ru-RU":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF/3952639b6e89d58058f810ae3ad4626a/4__5_.jpg","details":{"size":949502,"image":{"width":4382,"height":2465}},"fileName":"4 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"},"en-US":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF/f4b76e343dbec1eeff8564f5bbe273a0/4__5_.jpg","details":{"size":949502,"image":{"width":4382,"height":2465}},"fileName":"4 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eating disorders are found in people of all ages, genders, ethnicities, weights, and sizes of clothing. Genetics do play a role in the development of eating disorders. Numerous studies ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://serendipstudio.org/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper3/Hirst3.html"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"show","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" that a person whose family has had a history of eating disorders is more likely to become afflicted than a person whose family has never experienced any sort of eating issue.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26095891/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"studies","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" involving twins also confirm the hereditary factor. In addition, abnormal levels of certain hormones, especially serotonin, can contribute to eating disorders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Another critical factor involves social interaction. In particular, anorexia and bulimia are far more common in industrialized cultures, where thinness is associated with notions of beauty. Our current mainstream media relentlessly pounds this notion into the minds of all who consume its onslaught of messages. And that is certainly not the fault of any one individual.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finally, eating habits acquired in childhood, even as early as two years old, play an important role in shaping one's relationship with food.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"How to Protect Yourself from Eating Disorders","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To date, one single, all-encompassing cause of eating disorders has not been found. Causes appear to be related to a variety of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711426/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"factors","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":": genetic, cultural, social, behavioral, psychological, and biological. However, and this is an important point to keep in mind, eating disorders are not ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"caused","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" by these factors.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As a result, there exists no precise instruction that will infallibly prevent you (or anyone you know) from ever becoming afflicted with an eating disorder.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"That being said, however, it is undeniably true that a harmonious relationship with yourself and others, good health, and a good sense of well-being will reduce the chance of developing any form of eating disorder.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Here are a few recommendations for physical and psychological well-being:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Take frequent walks in nature","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Strive to make your ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466337/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"walks","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" leisurely. Attempt to take such walks daily, whenever possible.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Exercise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A short, ten-minute exercise, done daily, will produce a ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572041/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"positive effect","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" on your mood and your well-being. Exercise will greatly increase your resistance to any sort of eating disorder.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Eat a healthy and varied diet","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Make sure your body receives necessary nutrients of all types, including vitamins and minerals.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Take care of yourself","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Do not overwork yourself. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32199150/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Take care","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" to treat yourself like a special person, because you are! Do what you like to do, far more often than doing what you dislike.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Avoid negative communication","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Attempt to surround yourself with individuals who ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953617306639"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"support","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and respect you. Positive feedback has a deep impact on your self-image, and thus serves as a great antidote to eating disorders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"If possible, give up bad habits","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Honestly confront your behavior. If you notice unhelpful or destructive habits, root them out with determination. A ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29677480/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"better","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" life awaits you.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Unfortunately, there still exists no one method of treatment that will succeed with certainty to heal people suffering from eating disorders. The disease represents a difficult and complex problem, associated with both psychology and physiology. However, the more we know about the disease, and the sooner we get rid ourselves of its prejudices, the sooner we can move forward to find lasting solutions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hope rests in knowledge. And in combating eating disorders, either individually or societally, accurate knowledge is key.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}}},"ru":{"id":"901fe04a-6dda-5b3c-8e6b-047b741ee9ba","title":"Расстройство пищевого поведения","subTitle":{"content":"Расстройства приема пищи (РПП) – это заболевания, для которых характерно нездоровое пищевое поведение в основе которого находится озабоченность собственным весом и внешностью. Виды и симптомы РПП"},"priority":974,"slug":"eating-disorders","publishedDate":"11.02.2021","mainImage":{"fixed":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/6xT1QuMO6SjB80RH7eribx/71c14839fe7f8675a77dfa674d822ba4/1__6_.jpg?w=514&q=100&fit=fill"},"title":"РПП","description":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием"},"connectedCategory":{"category":"Психология","slug":"psychology"},"body":{"json":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Расстройство пищевого поведения — больше, чем просто проблемы с едой.  Человек с РПП действительно зависим от ритуалов вокруг приема пищи или отказа от неё, и во всех случаях еда — лишь пешка в игре разума и болезни. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"В этой статье мы рассмотрим виды и симптомы РПП, а также поговорим о способах помощи на случай, если заболевание коснулось вас или ваших близких.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Что такое расстройства пищевого поведения (РПП)","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Расстройства приема пищи (РПП) – это заболевания, для которых характерно нездоровое пищевое поведение в основе которого находится озабоченность собственным весом и внешностью. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Первое, что нужно усвоить в отношении расстройства пищевого поведения: человек не выбирает подобный образ жизни сам. РПП — серьезное психическое заболевание, преодолеть которое можно только с профессиональной помощью врачей и психотерапевтов.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Человек с расстройством пищевого поведения чрезмерно озабочен вопросом своего веса и использует спорт, изнуряющие диеты, лекарственные средства с единственной целью – добиться идеальных, на его взгляд, пропорций тела. При этом пациент испытывает постоянный страх набрать «лишние» килограммы.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Главная опасность нарушений приема пищи – неизбежное возникновение проблем в работе пищеварительной, эндокринной и других систем организма. Также в большинстве случаев РПП сопутствуют депрессии, тревожные расстройства и злоупотребление психоактивными веществами.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Хотя расстройства пищевого поведения могут поражать людей любого пола в любом возрасте, чаще всего они возникают у подростков и молодых женщин. Фактически, до ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"13%","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29859631/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" молодежи переживают минимум одно расстройство пищевого поведения к 20 годам.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"В 2017 году ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"ученые обнаружили","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(13)00647-1/fulltext"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", что уровни серотонина и дофамина, передающих информацию в мозг, могут играть роль в развитии расстройств пищевого поведения.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Некоторые черты характера способствуют развитию заболевания. Например, невротизм, перфекционизм и импульсивность — три черты личности, которые часто ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"связаны","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26095891/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" с более высоким риском развития расстройства пищевого поведения.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Виды расстройств пищевого поведения","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block","content":[],"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3","contentful_id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3"}},"id":"c4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-11T13:48:10.470Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-11T13:48:10.470Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment","contentful_id":"master"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentful_id":"4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU"},"fields":{"title":{"ru-RU":"РПП","en-US":"Eating disorder"},"description":{"ru-RU":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","en-US":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"file":{"ru-RU":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU/edafcbc869e3386db2ef6582ff9fe28e/2__6_.jpg","details":{"size":147854,"image":{"width":4896,"height":2760}},"fileName":"2 (6).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"},"en-US":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/4rBCsWyWtXUhCeTVbgg9LU/06480a0865a560d247f26f547ed6142b/2__6_.jpg","details":{"size":147854,"image":{"width":4896,"height":2760}},"fileName":"2 (6).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Американская психиатрическая ассоциация ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"классифицирует","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.apa.org/topics/eating-disorders"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" РПП на четыре вида.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"1. Нервная анорексия.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"2. Нервная булимия.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"3. Компульсивное переедание.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"4. Неклассифицируемые расстройства пищевого поведения.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Давайте рассмотрим их подробнее.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Нервная анорексия","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Это наиболее известное расстройство пищевого поведения. Люди с анорексией считают себя толстыми, даже когда весы говорят об обратном. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Официально есть ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"два типа","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" анорексии:","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"ограничивающий тип,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"очищающий тип. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Люди с ограничивающим типом теряют вес за счет диеты, голодания и чрезмерных физических упражнений. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Люди с анорексией второго типа могут переедать или есть очень мало, но в обоих случаях после еды они очищаются: вызывают рвоту, принимают слабительные и мочегонные препараты, истязают себя упражнениями. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Нервная булимия","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Как и анорексия, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"булимия","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26754944/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" имеет тенденцию развиваться в подростковом и раннем взрослом возрасте и менее распространена среди мужчин, чем среди женщин.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Люди с булимией едят необычайно большое количество пищи в короткий период времени. При этом во время переедания человек не может перестать есть или начать контролировать,сколько он ест. Каждый эпизод обжорства продолжается до тех пор, пока человек не станет болезненно сытым. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"После приема пищи люди с булимией пытаются очистить организм, чтобы компенсировать съеденные калории и уменьшить дискомфорт в кишечнике.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Симптомы нервной булимии могут быть очень похожи на симптомы очищающего типа нервной анорексии. Однако люди с булимией обычно не худеют и сохраняют относительно нормальный вес.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Компульсивное переедание","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Люди с этим расстройством употребляют большой объем пищи без физического чувства голода, а после переедания испытывают чувство стыда, вины и отвращения к себе. Однако они не ограничивают количество калорий и не используют очистительные методы, такие как рвота или чрезмерные физические нагрузки, чтобы компенсировать свои переедания. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Неклассифицируемые расстройства пищевого поведения","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Эти расстройства проявляют себя совершенно по-разному: от поедания несъедобных предметов до сложностей с выбором места, где есть.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Но главной отличительной чертой остаётся нездоровое отношение к еде.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Как распознать расстройство пищевого поведения: симптомы","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block","content":[],"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3","contentful_id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3"}},"id":"c14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-11T13:45:50.624Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-11T13:45:50.624Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment","contentful_id":"master"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentful_id":"14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep"},"fields":{"title":{"ru-RU":"РПП","en-US":"Eating disorder"},"description":{"ru-RU":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","en-US":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"file":{"ru-RU":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep/7061de12f3845ae805acbb270f7137ac/3__5_.jpg","details":{"size":6506395,"image":{"width":7952,"height":4473}},"fileName":"3 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"},"en-US":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/14GBO1in8ccgjl17oB06ep/5d8a6f04543008e028424c8a1efaaaf4/3__5_.jpg","details":{"size":6506395,"image":{"width":7952,"height":4473}},"fileName":"3 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Расстройства пищевого поведения не всегда определяются по внешнему виду. Многие люди с РПП могут выглядеть абсолютно здоровыми. Тут важны именно отношения человека с едой, а эту часть жизни можно долгое время скрывать от окружающих.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Бывает очень сложно определить, что у близкого человека или друга развивается расстройство пищевого поведения. Но есть ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"предупреждающие знаки","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711426/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", на которые следует обратить внимание.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Если ваш друг:","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"резко похудел,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"лжет о том, сколько он съел и когда, или сколько он весит,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"часто после еды уходит в ванную и возвращается с покрасневшим лицом,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"чрезмерно или одержимо выполняет упражнения,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"избегает трапез с участием других людей,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"разрезает пищу на мелкие кусочки или ест очень медленно,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"носит свободную или мешковатую одежду, чтобы скрыть потерю веса,","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"открыто и сочувственно поговорите с ним о том, что вы беспокоитесь о его здоровье.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Если человек напуган или не уверен, может оказаться полезным предложить пойти за помощью к специалисту вместе.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Если вы подозреваете или осознаете, что больны сами, не занимайтесь самолечением — обязательно обратитесь к врачу! Только врач точно знает, как вернуть вам здоровое состояние. РПП — прогрессирующая болезнь, которая с течением времени может привести к летальному исходу. Поэтому своевременная помощь без преувеличения может спасти вам жизнь.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Разговаривать о проблемах бывает трудно даже с самым близким человеком. Поэтому мы собрали несколько рекомендаций от Национальной ассоциации по борьбе с расстройствами пищевого поведения, чтобы вы могли провести диалог о РПП экологично и с пользой для вероятного больного. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Подготовьтесь заранее","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Знание фактов поможет вам обсудить с другом любые неточные идеи, которые могут подпитывать его неорганизованный режим питания.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Порепетируйте основные тезисы","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Это может помочь уменьшить ваше беспокойство и уточнить, что именно вы хотите сказать собеседнику.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Выделите личное время и место для разговора","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Никто не хочет, чтобы личные проблемы обсуждались перед толпой, поэтому убедитесь, что вы нашли время и место, где у вас будет время обсудить проблемы без спешки или лишних свидетелей. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Будьте честным","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Говорите о своих переживаниях честно и открыто. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Используйте \"Я-послания\"","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Легко обвинить: \"Ты не ешь! Ты слишком много тренируешься! Ты что-то скрываешь!\". Но такие фразы только отталкивают и не несут пользы. Поэтому нужен другой подход.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"В своей речи сосредоточьтесь на поведении, которое вы лично наблюдали и на своих чувствах к происходящему. Пример: \"Я заметил, что ты больше не обедаешь с нами\" или \"Меня беспокоит, что ты часто закрываешься в ванной после еды\".","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Придерживайтесь фактов ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Высказывание опасений по поводу потенциального расстройства пищевого поведения может вызвать множество эмоций. Важно не позволить им забрать управление беседой.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Избавьтесь от потенциальной стигмы","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Напомните близкому человеку, что нет ничего постыдного в том, чтобы признать болезнь. Ни эту, ни какую-либо другую.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Избегайте чрезмерно упрощенных решений","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Фразы \"Просто перестань\" или \"Просто ешь\" не помогут. Скорее вызовут у больного чувство разочарования, защиты и непонимания. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Будьте готовы к негативной реакции","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Некоторые люди, страдающие расстройством пищевого поведения, рады, что кто-то заметил, что они борются. Некоторые могут стать злыми и враждебными, настаивая на том, что проблема в вас. Кто-то может отмахнуться от ваших опасений или свести к минимуму потенциальные опасности. Все эти реакции нормальны. Не теряйтесь, подтвердите свои опасения фактами, дайте другу понять, что вам не все равно, и оставьте разговор открытым.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-4","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Поддерживайте идею обратиться за помощью","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Людям с расстройствами пищевого поведения нужна именно профессиональная помощь. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Предложите другу сходить на встречу, где обсуждают РПП, найти врача и психотерапевта. Своевременное и эффективное лечение резко увеличивает шансы человека на выздоровление.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Возможные причины возникновения расстройства пищевого поведения ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block","content":[],"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3","contentful_id":"vyvc8tqwnbr3"}},"id":"c1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-11T13:43:23.274Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-11T13:43:23.274Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment","contentful_id":"master"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentful_id":"1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF"},"fields":{"title":{"ru-RU":"РПП","en-US":"Eating disorder"},"description":{"ru-RU":"Как разговаривать с близкими о проблемах, связанных с питанием","en-US":"How to talk to your loved ones about food-related problems"},"file":{"ru-RU":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF/3952639b6e89d58058f810ae3ad4626a/4__5_.jpg","details":{"size":949502,"image":{"width":4382,"height":2465}},"fileName":"4 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"},"en-US":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/vyvc8tqwnbr3/1TLO94RbcHObcA4uidEjCF/f4b76e343dbec1eeff8564f5bbe273a0/4__5_.jpg","details":{"size":949502,"image":{"width":4382,"height":2465}},"fileName":"4 (5).jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Сложности в отношениях с едой встречаются у людей любой национальности, пола, возраста, веса, размера одежды. Определенную роль в развитии пищевых расстройств играют гены. Исследования ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"показывают","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://serendipstudio.org/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper3/Hirst3.html"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", что человек, в семье которого наблюдались случаи нарушения пищевого поведения, имеет больше шансов заболеть, чем люди, чьи семьи не сталкивались с РПП. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":" Научные работы с участием близнецов также ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"подтверждают","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26095891/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" наследственный фактор. К тому же за расстройства пищевого поведения несут ответственность аномальные уровни многих гормонов, особенно серотонина. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Другой важный фактор РПП — социальный. В частности, анорексия и булимия распространены в индустриально развитых культурах, где худоба ассоциируется с представлениями о красоте и широко тиражируется в медиа. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Наконец, важную роль в формировании отношений с едой играют пищевые привычки, приобретенные в детстве.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Как обезопасить себя от РПП","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"На сегодняшний день единой причины расстройства пищевого поведения найти не удалось. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Исследования учёных доказывают","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711426/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", что расстройства пищевого поведения могут быть связаны с генетическими, культурными, социальными, поведенческими,  психологическими, биологический факторами, но быть вызваны этими факторами не могут. Поэтому нет точной инструкции \"Что делать, чтобы не заболеть РПП\". Однако гармоничные отношения с собой и окружающими, хорошее самочувствие и крепкое здоровье могут снизить шансы развития недуга. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Вот несколько рекомендаций для физического и психологического благополучия:","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Чаще гуляйте на природе","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Хорошо, если ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"прогулки","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466337/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" будут ежедневными.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Занимайтесь спортом","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"10-минутная зарядка ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"положительно","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572041/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" сказывается на самочувствии и настроении.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Питайтесь правильно и разнообразно","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Так ваш организм получит необходимые элементы и минералы.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Будьте заботливы к себе","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Не перетруждайтесь, делайте то, что вам ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"нравится","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32199150/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" чаще, чем наоборот. ","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Избегайте негативного общения","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Старайтесь окружить себя людьми, которые будут вас ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"поддерживать","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953617306639"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" и уважать.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"По возможности откажитесь от вредных привычек","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Будьте честны с собой. Если вы заметили у себя ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"бесполезные","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}],"data":{"uri":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29677480/"}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" и вредные привычки, избавьтесь от них в пользу созидательного поведения.\n\nК сожалению, всё ещё не существует способа лечения, который помогал бы со стопроцентной вероятностью людям, больным РПП, поскольку это тяжелая комплексная проблема, связанная и с психологией, и с физиологией. Но чем больше люди будут знать о заболевании и чем быстрее избавятся от предрассудков, тем быстрее найдётся способ решения этой проблемы.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}]}}}},"pageContext":{"slug":"eating-disorders","language":"en","i18n":{"language":"en","languages":["en","ru","uk"],"languageReplacements":{"ab":"ru","az":"ru","az_AZ":"ru","ba":"ru","be":"ru","be_BY":"ru","bg":"ru","bg_BG":"ru","cs":"ru","cs_CZ":"ru","cu":"ru","cv":"ru","et":"ru","et_EE":"ru","hr":"ru","hr_BA":"ru","hr_HR":"ru","hu":"ru","hu_HU":"ru","ka":"ru","ka_GE":"ru","kk":"ru","kk_KZ":"ru","kv":"ru","lv":"ru","lv_LV":"ru","mn":"ru","mn_Cyrl":"ru","mn_Cyrl_MN":"ru","mn_MN":"ru","pl":"ru","pl_PL":"ru","ro":"ru","ro_MD":"ru","ro_RO":"ru","ru_BY":"ru","ru_KG":"ru","ru_KZ":"ru","ru_MD":"ru","ru_RU":"ru","ru_UA":"ru","sk":"ru","sk_SK":"ru","sl":"ru","sl_SL":"ru","sq":"ru","sq_AL":"ru","sq_MK":"ru","sq_XK":"ru","sr":"ru","sr_BA":"ru","sr_Cyrl":"ru","sr_Cyrl_BA":"ru","sr_Cyrl_ME":"ru","sr_Cyrl_RS":"ru","sr_Cyrl_XK":"ru","sr_Latn":"ru","sr_Latn_BA":"ru","sr_Latn_ME":"ru","sr_Latn_RS":"ru","sr_Latn_XK":"ru","sr_ME":"ru","sr_RS":"ru","sr_XK":"ru","tk":"ru","tk_TM":"ru","tr":"ru","tr_CY":"ru","tr_TR":"ru","uk_UA":"uk","uz":"ru","uz_AF":"ru","uz_Arab":"ru","uz_Arab_AF":"ru","uz_Cyrl":"ru","uz_Cyrl_UZ":"ru","uz_Latn":"ru","uz_Latn_UZ":"ru","uz_UZ":"ru"},"defaultLanguage":"en","routed":false,"resources":{"en":{}},"originalPath":"/blog/psychology/eating-disorders","path":"/blog/psychology/eating-disorders"}}},"staticQueryHashes":["267408854","4240315803"]}